Bava Batra 189

התם הן חסר הן יתיר א"ל מיהו רביע לא חשיב יתר מרביע חשיב

In that case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sale of the land. ');">¹</span> [the seller explicitly] said to him, '[I sell you an area of a <i>kor</i>]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kor = thirty se'ah. ');">²</span>

דכיון דחזי ליה לאיצטרופי בתשעת קבין הויא לה ארעא חשיבתא באפי נפשא והדרא

more or less';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 103b. Had he not said so, even a fraction more than the area agreed upon would have had to be returned. ');">³</span> but a quarter [of a <i>kab</i>] is of no importance;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The seller, by his statement, has intimated that he does not mind conceding such a small area. ');">⁴</span>

ת"ש האונאה פחות משתות נקנה מקח יותר משתות בטל מקח שתות קנה ומחזיר אונאה

more than a quarter, is of importance, because, since [in the area of a <i>kor</i>, the quantity may be combined into nine <i>kab</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The thirty quarters of a kab for the thirty se'ah of the kor amount to seven and a half kab. But since the difference is more than a quarter per se'ah by, say, a twentieth of a kab per se'ah, the total amounts to thirty times one twentieth one and a half kab, which, added to the seven and a half, total nine kab. ');">⁵</span> they form an important independent field which must be returned. [But in the case of the refuse in produce,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since a quarter of a kab per se'ah must always be accepted whether the expression 'more or less' had been used or not. ');">⁶</span>

אמאי ליהדר עד פחות משתות ש"מ כל היכי דבעי לאהדורי כולה מהדר

even if it amounted to more than a quarter of a <i>kab</i> per <i>se'ah</i>, only the surplus might have to be returned but not the quarters<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is usual to find such quantities of refuse in all produce. ');">⁷</span> ].

הכי השתא התם מעיקרא שוה בשוה א"ל מיהו פחות משתות לא ידיעה במנה ומחיל איניש שתות ידיעה ולא מחיל איניש יתר משתות מקח טעות הוא ובטל מקח

Come and hear! [We learned]: [If] the overcharge is less than a sixth, the purchase is valid;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'possession is acquired'. and nothing of the overcharge need be returned. Any buyer is assumed to be indifferent to the loss of such a small amount as a sixth. ');">⁸</span> [if it is] more than a sixth, the purchase is cancelled; [if it is] a sixth, the sale is valid but the overcharge must be refunded.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' B.M. 50b. ');">⁹</span>

ת"ש המקבל שדה מחברו ליטע הרי זה מקבל עליו עשר בוריות למאה יותר מכאן מגלגלין עליו את הכל

Now, should [not a part of the overcharge] be returned<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case when the overcharge was a sixth or more than a sixth. ');">¹⁰</span> [so as to reduce<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Instead of returning the full overcharge, in once case, and cancelling the sale in the other. ');">¹¹</span>

א"ר הונא בריה דרב יהושע כל יתר מכאן כבא ליטע מתחלה דמי:

it] to less than a sixth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the loss of which a buyer. as it has been said, is indifferent. ');">¹²</span> [But since the law is not so] it may be inferred [that] wherever [a part] is to be returned, all must be returned. [Is not this, then, a confirmation of R. Huna's statement?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That if the refuse is more than the allowed quantity, the seller must compensate not only for the surplus but for all the refuse. ');">¹³</span>

מרתף של יין וכו': היכי דמי אי דא"ל מרתף של יין סתם קשיא אי דאמר ליה מרתף זה של יין קשיא

] What a comparison! There,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of the overcharge. ');">¹⁴</span> one spoke to the other of equal values<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The price. according to the original arrangement, had to be equal to the value of the produce. The buyer. therefore, had a right to claim the return of an overcharge, even if it were less than a sixth. ');">¹⁵</span>

אי דאמר ליה מרתף זה קשיא דתניא מרתף של יין אני מוכר לך נותן לו יין שכולו יפה מרתף זה של יין אני מוכר לך נותן לו יין הנמכר בחנות מרתף זה אני מוכר לך אפילו כולו חומץ הגיעו

from the very beginning; only. [since] less than a sixth is not noticeable, a person does not mind to forego it; a sixth, [however], [since it] is noticeable, one does not forego; [while] more than a sixth is a purchase based on error and is to be entirely cancelled.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of refuse in produce, however, the buyer is always ready to accept a certain quantity of it, (a quarter of a kab of refuse per se'ah of produce). He may, therefore, also be assumed to accept this quantity even when more refuse has been found, provided the surplus has been refunded. ');">¹⁶</span> Come and hear! [It has been taught:] [If] one undertakes to plant another's field,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'receives a field from another to plant'. ');">¹⁷</span>

לעולם דא"ל מרתף של יין סתם ותני ברישא דברייתא ומקבל עליו עשר קוססות למאה

[the owner] must accept ten failures for every hundred trees.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The owner must pay the workman for every hundred trees the full value of sound trees, though ten of them may turn out to be unproductive and useless. ');">¹⁸</span> [If the failures are] more than this [number],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' More than ten per hundred. ');">¹⁹</span>

ובסתם מי מקבל והא תאני ר' חייא המוכר חבית יין לחברו נותן לו יין שכולו יפה שאני חבית דכולא חד חמרא הוא

[the re-planting of] all<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All the unproductive trees must be replaced by sound ones. ');">²⁰</span> is imposed upon him. [Is not this a confirmation of the statement of R. Huna?]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 394. n. 8. ');">²¹</span>

והא תני רב זביד דבי ר' אושעיא מרתף של יין אני מוכר לך נותן לו יין שכולו יפה מרתף זה של יין אני מוכר לך נותן לו יין שכולו יפה ומקבל עליו עשר קוססו' למאה

— R. Huna, the son of R. Joshua. said: [The two cases cannot be compared. for] wherever [there are] more than this [number of trees]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' More than ten unproductive trees per hundred trees planted. ');">²²</span> it is the same as if one began to plant [a new field].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The area occupied by a number of trees bigger than ten, say eleven, is considered to form a smaller self-contained field. This smaller field is thus treated as a new field in which the workman undertakes to plant eleven trees, where evidently he could not claim to have discharged his task by planting only one productive and ten unproductive trees. He must therefore replace them all. In the case of the refuse, however, dealt with in R. Huna's statement, this argument cannot, obviously, be applied, and the owner may be assumed to accept the loss of a quarter of a kab per se'ah, if the surplus is refunded to him. ');">²³</span> A CELLAR OF WINE, etc. How is this to be understood? If [it means that] the seller said to the buyer. '[I sell you] a cellar of wine', without specifying which cellar, there is a difficulty;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For according to our Mishnah, the buyer accepts ten casks of pungent wine for every hundred, while according to the following Baraitha (first case), all the wine must be good. ');">²⁴</span> [and] if [it means that] he said to him, 'this cellar of wine', there is [also] a difficulty;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the second case in the following Baraitha, contrary to the law in our Mishnah, the seller may give a wine all of which is pungent. (Cf. n. 12 infra). ');">²⁵</span> [and] if he said to him, 'this cellar', there is [again] a difficulty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since, according to the third case in the Baraitha, and contrary to our Mishnah, even if all the wine has become vinegar the sale is valid. ');">²⁶</span> For it has been taught: [If one says]. 'I sell you a cellar of wine', he must give him wine all of which is good.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The term 'wine' implies 'good wine'; and, therefore, no spoilt wine need be accepted by the buyer. ');">²⁷</span> [If one said]. 'I sell you this cellar of wine', he may give him such wine as is sold In the shop.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where all the wine is pungent. ');">²⁸</span> [If one said]. 'I sell you this cellar', the sale is valid even if all of it is vinegar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because no wine was mentioned when the sale was proposed. ');">²⁹</span> [How. then, is the Baraitha to be reconciled with our Mishnah?] [Our Mishnah], in fact, deals with the case where [the seller] said to him ['I sell you] a cellar of wine', without specifying which cellar, but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In reply to your difficulty, why does our Mishnah allow ten casks of pungent wine while the Baraitha requires all the wine to be good? ');">³⁰</span> read in the first clause of the Baraitha [as follows]: ['He must give him wine all of which is good']. but [the buyer] must accept ten [casks of] pungent wine for [every] hundred. Must one, however, accept [ten casks of pungent wine] when the cellar was not specified? Surely R. Hiyya has taught: [If] a person has sold a jug of wine to another, he must give him wine all of which is good!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If in the case of the sale of a cellar, ten casks of pungent wine may be included in every hundred, why must all the wine be good in the case of the jug? ');">³¹</span> A jug is different, because it contains [only] one [kind of] wine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' No quantity of pungent wine can, therefore, be included in such a sale. ');">³²</span> Did not, however, R. Zebid of the school of R. Oshaia recite: [If the seller says]. 'I sell you a cellar of wine', he must give him a wine all of which is good; [if he says], 'I sell you this cellar of wine', he must give him wine all of which is good and [the buyer must] accept ten casks of pungent wine for [every] hundred.